In this paper, input impedance of a vertical rod under lightning stroke is first computed by applying the method of moments (MoM) on the Maxwell’ s equations. The circuit model is then achieved through applying modified vector fitting (MVF) on the computed input impedance. After then the equivalent circuit is again extracted for a few values of ground conductivity and rod radius. Finally using a new fuzzy-based model namely spatial membership functions, closed form solutions for all lumped elements of the equivalent circuit are achieved.

In any given independent Arabic clause, one could observe an ABSOLUE object in place of subject, or predicate. This kind of absolute object, having an elliptical action verb in its deep structure, is considereded to be grammtically over-dominated by this elliptical action verb. However, one question might be whether the "signified" for such an object equals with that of mentioned object, or else? Semanticians consider three "signified"s for such grammatical forms.Any such object's signified1. can both iclude the concept of the mentioned object and ellpitical action verb.2. can solely include the concept of the elliptical action verb.3. can solely include the concept of the time,subject-free infinite verb.In this article, whereas the first hypothesis is set aside as syntactically wrong, the second one will be more closely analysed. Although the third one, in our case, is correspondent with persian language, and is due have an equivalent, translators in their Quranic transltion has handled such an issue quite differently.

Introduction: With the beginning of the 20th century and the continuation of the scientific and investigative attitude in the field of Islamology in the 18th and 19th centuries, orientalists and Islamologists started scientific and practical translations of the Qur‘an. The translation by Hartmut Bobezin, a German orientalist and religious scholar, is one of the leading translations of the current century, which was translated directly from Arabic into German. In the translation of the holy books, especially the Holy Quran, because the divine word is interpretive and has various layers of meaning, to express the deep meaning of the Quran, in addition to the science of translation, knowledge, and awareness of the wisdom of the Quranic verses, as well as the translator‘s understanding of the interpretations of the verses, are necessary. The purpose of this article is to criticize and examine Bobzin‘s Quranic translation from a text-oriented or audience-oriented point of view, based on the equivalents of the analysis and evaluation of the translated texts by Werner Koller in comparison with the Quranic translation of Rückert (19th century) and Rudi Parte (20th century), asking the question whether Bobzin‘s translation was a successful translation from a communicative reader-oriented perspective (functional equivalent) in terms of explaining the Qur‘anic meaning and spiritual effect, and to what extent the morphological-syntactic and rhetorical structure of the Arabic language (formal equivalent) was transferred to the standard language of the destination. The result of this research is to confirm the accuracy of Bobzin‘s Quranic translation. Background of the Research: Robert von Ketton first translated the Qur‘an into Latin. In 1543, Swiss theologian Theodor Bibliander published a more complete translation of the Qur‘an based on Ketton‘s translation in Basel, Switzerland. The first translator of the Qur‘an in German is Salmon Schweigerr. The German priest David Friedrich Megerlin is the seventh translator of the Quran and the first translator of the Quran from Arabic to German, he first translated the Quran from Arabic to German in 1772. In the current century, with the increase in Muslim immigration to European countries, figures such as Adel Theodor Khoury, a Lebanese theologian and Islamic scholar, Murad Wilfried Hoffmann, a German lawyer and diplomat who converted to Islam in 1980, and Hartmut Bobzin published more complete translations of the Quran, which have received much attention. Argument& Discussion: The first question that is usually asked in the translation process is the purpose of the translation. Translation as a purposeful process plays a significant role in establishing communication and interaction between different linguistic communities and is the most important tool in transferring and adapting linguistic concepts. Albert Naida, one of the contemporary theorists of Bible translation and a believer in formaldynamic balance, considers translation to be the re-expression of a message from the source language in the form of its closest and most natural equivalent to the target language, observing the meaning in the first step and observing the writing style in the second step. The Swiss linguist and theoretician who believes in establishing balance in translation, Werner Koller, believes that the translator should determine the type of balance according to the type of text and his/her reading of the text. There are five types of textual balance: 1-Balance on the content level of the text 2-Balance on the semantic level of the text 3-Balance on the level of the text type 4-Pragmatic balance 5-formal-aesthetic balance. Koller believes in three models for the analysis of the translated text: 1-Text analysis. 2-Comparison of translations 3-Evaluation of translation in terms of translation quality in choosing words to convey meaning and aesthetic sense Conclusion: In the examination of Quranic translations of the last fifty years, it seems that the criterion of translations is its reader-centeredness. In Bobzin‘ s translation, the expressiveness of the expression, the naturalness of the language structure, and the comprehensibility of the text message, which are among the priorities of dynamic translation, are well taken into account. The translator has tried to be faithful to the original text, while using the words, to choose equivalents that are closer to the target language in terms of maintaining the balance in the content and meaning of the text, as well as the formal-aesthetic balance, and the German-speaking reader can accept the translation. Based on Werner Kolor‘s evaluation model, Bobzin‘s translation can be considered a successful translation in terms of the quality of the translation in the selection of suitable and equivalent words to convey the meaning and aesthetic sense, and his translation style is an example of the "content-tocontent“ translation.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Grammar has always been considered by language learners as well as by those engaged in language education as an essential component of language, and their expectations from and planning for any language education programs have been conditioned accordingly. The definitions of the term grammar and its categories in all languages go back to traditional Latin and Greek grammarians irrespective of their possibly obvious differences and have persisted even now long after the emergence of the scientific study of language which recognizes the unique system of every single language (cf. Saussure, 1916/ 1956). What is grammar and how much is it effective in ‘ learning’ an L2, if at all? This paper will examine the commonsensical understanding of the term grammar, i. e. ‘ the code-system’ as opposed to ‘ grammar’ as ‘ a theory of human experience’ : an agency construing human experience into meaning (cf. Halliday & Matthissen, 2004), i. e. ‘ grammaticality’ as opposed to ‘ textuality’ , arguing that if any recourse to grammar is advocated, as done in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) literature in the form of ‘ focus-on-form’ mediation, this ‘ form’ , rather than being defined in terms of ‘ grammaticality’ , should be ‘ textuality-oriented’ due to the reality that the knowledge accumulated by the learner about the grammaticality is of declarative nature and as such it will not convert into procedural communicative competence. Expanding upon the work done earlier on the topic (cf. Lotfipoursaedi, 2015, 2016, & 2019), the concept of textuality and how its perception by the recipients of a text enables them to handle it will be further discussed and examples of textuality-oriented L2 education pedagogic moves, as the SLA classroom mediation strategies will be examined.

This study focuses on the investigation of intelligent form-finding and vibration analysis of a triangular polyhedral tensegrity that is enclosed within a sphere and subjected to external loads. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived using the Lagrangian approach and the finite element method. The proposed form-finding approach, which is based on a basic genetic algorithm, can determine regular or irregular tensegrity shapes without dimensional constraints. Stable tensegrity structures are generated from random configurations and based on defined constraints (nodes located on the sphere, parallelism, and area of upper and lower surfaces), and shape finding is performed using the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization goals. The genetic algorithm's efficacy in determining the shape of structures with unpredictable configurations is evaluated in two distinct scenarios: one involving a known connection matrix and the other involving fixed or random member positions (struts and cables). The shapes obtained from the algorithm suggested in this study are validated using the force density approach, and their vibration characteristics are examined. The findings of the comparative study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in determining the vibrational behavior of tensegrity structures through the utilization of intelligent shape seeking techniques.